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| death_place = Göttingen, West Germany | nationality = German | field = Radiochemistry Nuclear chemistry | work_places = University College London McGill University University of Berlin Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry Max Planck Society | alma_mater = University of Marburg | doctoral_advisor = Theodor Zincke | academic_advisors = Adolf von Baeyer, University of Munich; Sir William Ramsay, University College London; Ernest Rutherford, McGill University Montreal; Emil Fischer, University of Berlin | doctoral_students = Roland Lindner Walter Seelmann-Eggebert Johannes Heidenhain Jan de Vries Truus de Vries-Kruyt Aristid von Grosse Boris Nikitin Laszlo Imre Clara Lieber Fritz Strassmann Salomon Aminyu Rosenblum Karl Erik Zimen Hans-Joachim Born Boris Sagortschew Hans Götte Siegfried Flügge Nikolaus Riehl | known_for = Discovery of radioactive elements (1905–1921) Radiothorium (1905) Radioactinium (1906) Mesothorium (1907) Ionium (1907) Radioactive recoil (1909) Fajans–Paneth–Hahn Law Protactinium (1917) Nuclear isomerism (1921) Rubidium-strontium dating (1938) Nuclear fission (1938) | influenced = Frédéric Joliot-Curie Enrico Fermi Glenn T. Seaborg Edwin McMillan Albert Ghiorso Emilio Segrè Philip Abelson Joseph W. Kennedy Nikolay Semyonov Igor Kurchatov Georgy Flyorov Isaak Kikoin Yulii Borisovich Khariton | prizes = | religion = Lutheran | spouse = Edith Junghans (1913–1968) | signature = Otto Hahn signature.svg }} Otto Hahn, , (8 March 1879 – 28 July 1968) was a German chemist and pioneer in the fields of radioactivity and radiochemistry who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944 for the discovery and the radiochemical proof of nuclear fission.〔 He is referred to as the father of nuclear chemistry.〔Seaborg, Glenn T. (1966) Introduction to ''Otto Hahn – A Scientific Autobiography.'' Charles Scribner's sons, New York.〕 Hahn was an opponent of Jewish persecution by the Nazi Party and, after World War II,〔Lise Meitner – ''Recollections of Otto Hahn''. Edited by Dietrich Hahn. Verlag S. Hirzel, Stuttgart 2005.〕 he became a passionate campaigner against the use of nuclear energy as a weapon. He served as the last President of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society (KWG) in 1946 and as the founding President of the Max Planck Society (MPG) from 1948 to 1960. Considered by many to be a model for scholarly excellence and personal integrity,〔Meitner, Lise (2005) ''Recollections of Otto Hahn''. S. Hirzel, Stuttgart.〕 he became one of the most influential and respected citizens of the new Federal Republic of Germany. ==Early life== Hahn was the youngest son of Heinrich Hahn (1845–1922), a prosperous glazier and entrepreneur ("Glasbau Hahn"), and Charlotte Hahn, née Giese (1845–1905). Together with his brothers Karl, Heiner and Julius, Otto was raised in a sheltered environment. At the age of 15, he began to take a special interest in chemistry, and carried out simple experiments in the laundry room of the family home. His father wanted Otto to study architecture, as he had built or acquired several residential and business properties, but Otto persuaded him that his ambition was to become an industrial chemist. In 1897, after taking his ''Abitur'' at the Klinger Oberrealschule in Frankfurt, Hahn began to study chemistry and mineralogy at the University of Marburg. His subsidiary subjects were physics and philosophy. Hahn joined the Students' Association of Natural Sciences and Medicine, a student fraternity and a forerunner of today's "Landsmannschaft Nibelungia" (Coburger Convent der akademischen Landsmannschaften und Turnerschaften). He spent his third and fourth semester studying under Adolf von Baeyer at the University of Munich. In 1901, Hahn received his doctorate in Marburg for a dissertation entitled ''On Bromine Derivates of Isoeugenol'', a topic in classical organic chemistry. After completing his one-year military service, the young chemist returned to the University of Marburg, where for two years he worked as assistant to his doctoral supervisor, Geheimrat Professor Theodor Zincke. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Otto Hahn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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